The use of the norms provided in this work, in combination with the already published conventional norms, may contribute to detecting subtle memory impairment.Īlzheimer’s disease amyloid biomarkers cognition memory norms sex. As compared with previously published norms the reference data presented were more sensitive but less specific, as expected. Equations to calculate z-scores and normative percentile tables were created. Sex was also related to the performance in the FCSRT, with women outperforming men. We found that education was associated with the performance in all the variables of both tests while age had a marginal effect only in the delayed free recall of the FCSRT. Regression-based norms were developed, including adjustments for age, education, and sex when applicable. The sample was composed of 248 individuals from the ALFA+ study with negative amyloid-β and tau CSF biomarker levels. The present study aims to provide norms for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV in a sample of individuals aged 50-70 years with normal levels of amyloid-β and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. These kind of norms may be useful for defining subtle cognitive decline, the transitional cognitive decline between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Recent evidence has shown that removing asymptomatic individuals with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease pathology from normative samples increases the sensitivity of norms to detect memory impairments. 13 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain.Ĭognitive performance of a given individual should be interpreted in the context of reference standards obtained in cognitively healthy populations.12 UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.11 Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.10 Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.9 Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.8 Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland.7 Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.6 Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.5 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.4 Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.2 Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.1 Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
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